A unit of heating value equivalent to 100,000 btus.

The price of heating value equivalent to 100,000 btus.

The point of origin in the gas supply process.

An amount added to gas inventory in excess of the amount that is produced and for sale.

A naturally occurring mixture of gases found in porous geologic formations beneath the earths surface and usually found with petroleum.

Propane is a form of liquefied petroleum gas which is typically extracted from natural gas or separated during the crude oil refining process. Propane is easily compressed into liquid form for storage and transportation. Propane is a clean burning fuel, gaining increased recognition for its environmental superiority, safety, efficiency, and transportability.

A provision in a utility tariff that provides for changes in gas rates charged to a customer in the event of increases or decreases in certain costs incurred by the seller. These include purchased gas cost, transpiration costs, and advance payments made for gas.

The physical connection between an interstate pipeline and a local gas utility's pipes.

The direct sale of natural gas to end users by producers or pipelines, avoiding the local distribution company.

This refers to the ultimate point of consumption . A customer's gas fueled equipment.

The volume of gas that a well, field, pipeline, storage reservoir, or distribution system can supply in a given period of time.

The period between November 1 through March 31 when gas consumption normally rises.

The period between May through September when gas consumption tends to be lower.

A pipeline interchange used as a standard delivery point for figuring natural gas futures contracts. There are four major hubs: Henry Hub in Southern Louisiana, Katy Hub near Houston, the WaHa Hub in West TEXAS, AND THE Midwest Exchange Hub near Chicago.

The greatest demand on a pipeline or distribution system during a specified period.

A nonutility power generator that produces electricity for sale in the wholesale market.

The process through which a utility's regulated natural gas billing rates are negotiated by the PUC.

Short-term contract sales of natural gas, crude oil, refined petroleum products, liquid petroleum gas , or electricity.

Adjustments to historic test year sales, revenues, and expenses to reflect differences from expected normal weather patterns.

A state regulatory authority whose responsibility is to monitor the utility monopolies granted to interstate and local natural gas pipelines. The commission regulates the rates charged by privately owned utilities involved in intrastate commerce.

The physical facilities through which gas is transported, including pipes, compressor units, metering stations, regulator stations, delivery stations, holders, and fabricated assemblies.

Methane is the chief component of natural gas. Pure methane has a heating value of 1,012 btu per cubic foot.

A utility that owns and operates a natural gas distribution system for the delivery of gas supplies from interstate pipelines at the city gate to the customer.

A schedule of rates or charges permitted for a common carrier, utility, or pipeline.

Refers to the exploration and production of natural gas and other fossil fuels.

The process of separating the supply of natural gas or power commodity from the delivery function provided by utilities.

The return that regulators allow a utility enterprise to earn, including interest, preferred dividends, and return on common equity. Calculated as a percentage of the rate base.

Reducing the amount of natural gas delivered to customers in response to supply shortfalls. This may require certain customers to cut back or eliminate their gas intake depending on their type of service and the severity of the shortfall.

Any permanent combination of facilities that supplies the energy to move gas at an increased pressure from fields in transmission lines, or into storage.

A company that operates in several different sectors of the industry to deliver gas to the customer. An integrated gas company can be engaged in exploration, production, transportation, and distribution of natural gas.

A method of determining a utility's rates based on its costs and or quality of service compared with some type of predefined expectation. This is also called performance-based regulation.

The practice by industrial customers of switching between types of fuels based on the fuel's relative spot prices.

A form of regulatory pricing for pipeline transportation services. The price is based on the pipeline's assessment of market forces in order to achieve an allowed rate of return.

Storage facilities that are an integral part of a distribution system. This can include manufactured, mixed, natural, liquefied petroleum, or liquefied natural gas which are on the distribution side of the city gate.

A rate design in which LCDs pay pipeline companies a fixed transportation charge that is not adjusted for volume levels.

The gathering of natural gas after exploration and production. Midsteam is the processing and storage for later transmission and distribution.

Gas service made available to some customers on special schedules or contracts for specified periods of weak demand.

The value established by regulatory authorities by which a utility is permitted to earn a specified rate of return. THE rate base consists of the total net investment in dollars in the facilities that the utility needs to provide service.

Subsurface facilities for storing natural gas that has been transferred from its original location for purposes of load balancing. Facilities consist of natural geological reservoirs, depleted oil and gas fields, water bearing sands, or natural caverns.

A gas supply contract providing that a purchaser must pay for a specified minimum quantity of gas for a specific time interval whether it takes delivery or not.

the 12 month base period selected for presenting data in a case or hearing before a regulatory agency.

The amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. This is used as a common measurement of heating value for different fuels. One Btu equals 252 calories of 0.293 watt hours.

In public utility regulation, the dollar amount required to supply any total utility service It includes operational and maintenance expenses, taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization of property, and a fair return to maintain the utility's financial standing.

A firm that delivers natural gas across long distances than a distribution company. These companies are known as pipeline companies.

The standard measure of natural gas in one thousand cubic feet.

The portion of natural gas (NGL) which includes ethane, propaneand butane that is stripped out as liquids at the earth's surface by special processing facilities.

Liqueifed natural gas (LNG) IS essentially methane gas that has been liquefied by reducing its temperature to -260 degrees Farenheit at atmospheric pressure.

Liquefied petroleum gases are a group of hydrocarbon-based gases derived from crude oilrefining or natural gas fractionation. This includes ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, isobutane, and isobutylene.